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<ibalidae.htm> [For educational
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HYMENOPTERA, Ibaliidae (Cynipoidea). <Images> & <Juveniles> Please also refer
to the following link for details on this group: Ibaliidae = Link 1 Ibaliidae. -- The ibaliids are
large 7-18 mm long and have the abdomen elongated. They are parasitoids of horntails (Siricidae &
Anaxyelidae). Included are some of
the largest of the Cynipoidea (15 mm.+ long)., and with the most complex wing
venations. They are a rare group that
is not often observed or collected.
Adults are black or brown in color, with an elongates and compressed
abdomen. The gaster is almost
sessile. The forewing has brown spots medially and apically. The abdomen is
laterally flattened, and the ovipositor is stored in a sheath. With their
antennae the adults locate the tunnels made by woodwasps, and eggs are
deposited in the host's body cavity.. The distribution is Holarctic, but they have been
introduced to New Zealand, Southern Africa and Australia. References: Please refer to <biology.ref.htm>, [Additional references
may be found at: MELVYL
Library] Burks, B. D., K. V.
Krombein, P. D. Hurd, D. R. Smith & B. D. Burks (eds.) 1979. Superfamily Cynipoidea. Catalog Hymenoptera in America North of
Mexico 1: 1045-1107. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C. Chrystal, R. N. 1930.
Oxford Forestry Mem. 11: 1-63. Kerrich, G. J. 1973. On the taxonomy of some forms of Ibalia Latreille (Hymenoptera:
Cynipoidea) associated with conifers.
Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 53: 65-79. Liu, Zhiwei & G. Nordlander. 1994.
Review of the family Iballidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) with keys to
genera and species of the world. Entomologica Scandinavica 25(4): 377-92. Nordlander, G., Z. Liu & F. Ronquist. 1996.
Phylogeny and historical bigeography of the cynipoid wasp family
Ibaliidae (Hymenoptera). Systematic
Entomology 21(2): 151-66. Ronquist, Fredrik. 1999.
Phylogeny and classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea. Zoologica Scripta 28(1-2): 139-64. Weld, L. H. 1951.
Cynipoidea. Private Printing,
Ann Arbor, Mich. 351 p. |